Image of a PICC line in a patient's arm

Understanding PICC Lines: Indications, Advantages, Challenges, and Care

Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters (PICCs) have become a mainstay in infusion therapy, offering a safe and effective means of long-term intravenous access. Used across a wide spectrum of healthcare settings—from hospitals to home health—PICCs are vital tools in the management of patients requiring extended venous access.

In this blog post, we’ll review the essentials of PICC lines, including their indications, pros and cons, and best-practice care guidelines. We’ll also guide you to Pedagogy Continuing Nurse Education’s in-depth online course, It’s All About PICCs, which is an excellent educational resource for nurses seeking to deepen their knowledge and skills.

What Is a PICC Line?

A Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) is a long, thin catheter inserted into a peripheral vein—usually in the upper arm—and advanced until the tip lies in the lower third of the superior vena cava (SVC). This type of central venous access is designed for intermediate to long-term use, ranging from several days to months.

Indications for PICC Line Use

PICCs are commonly indicated for patients who:

  • Require prolonged IV therapy (e.g., antibiotics, antivirals, or antifungals)
  • Need frequent blood draws or infusions
  • Are receiving chemotherapy or parenteral nutrition (TPN)
  • Have poor peripheral venous access
  • Require vesicant or irritant administration

Advantages of PICC Lines

PICCs offer several benefits over other forms of vascular access:

  • Reduced insertion-related risks compared to central lines inserted in the neck or chest (e.g., lower risk of pneumothorax)
  • Long dwell time—can remain in place for weeks to months with proper care
  • Patient comfort and mobility—can be used in outpatient settings
  • Lower infection risk than some centrally placed lines when managed appropriately
  • Cost-effective compared to surgical central venous access devices

Challenges and Risks

Despite their benefits, PICC lines are not without potential drawbacks:

  • Risk of infection, including catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs)
  • Thrombosis or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the upper extremities
  • Catheter occlusion from fibrin buildup or medication precipitate
  • Malposition or migration of the catheter tip
  • Mechanical complications, such as catheter breakage or kinking

PICC Line Care Guidelines

Proper maintenance is essential to maximize the lifespan of the catheter and minimize complications. Key care recommendations include:

  • Aseptic technique during access and dressing changes
  • Routine flushing with saline and/or heparin as per facility policy
  • Transparent dressing changes every 7 days (or sooner if soiled or nonadherent)
  • Careful monitoring for signs of infection, migration, or infiltration
  • Securement devices to prevent accidental dislodgement
  • Patient education on how to protect the catheter at home

Nurses play a vital role in monitoring for complications and ensuring the PICC line is used safely and effectively.

Take Your Knowledge Further with “It’s All About PICCs”

If you’re ready to deepen your expertise in PICC line therapy, consider enrolling in Pedagogy Continuing Nurse Education’s course: It’s All About PICCs

This online course covers:

  • Types of central venous access devices
  • Detailed indications and contraindications for PICC lines
  • Insertion techniques and tip verification
  • PICC-related complications and how to address them
  • Legal and documentation requirements
  • Evidence-based care and maintenance practices

Why Take This Course Online?

  • Self-paced learning—complete it on your schedule
  • Mobile-friendly format—learn from anywhere
  • Continuing education credit—earn CEUs to meet licensure or facility requirements
  • Expert instruction—developed by experienced infusion therapy clinicians
  • Applicable across settings—hospital, home health, hospice, and long-term care

Whether you’re new to PICCs or looking to refresh your skills, this course is a valuable investment in patient safety and clinical competency.

Final Thoughts

PICC lines are indispensable in modern infusion therapy, offering a flexible and reliable means of central access. Understanding how to care for these devices safely is critical for any nurse involved in IV therapy. Don’t leave your education to chance—arm yourself with evidence-based knowledge through Pedagogy’s trusted course.

Explore the full course here:
👉 It’s All About PICCs

References:

  • Infusion Nurses Society. Infusion Therapy Standards of Practice, 9th Edition. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 2024.
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-Related Infections.
  • Association for Vascular Access. Best Practices in Vascular Access Device Management.