| Airway, Oxygen Assessment (severity and category of reaction); blood pressure and pulse (necessary); electrocardiogram monitor may be necessary for evaluation of cardiac rhythm Assistance (call for it) Access (venous)-secure/improve intravenous line(s) – peripheral or central |
A |
| Breathing (begin cardiopulmonary resuscitation [CPR] if necessary); use mouth protective barrier Bag-valve-mask (e.g., “Ambu” bag) or mouth-mask Begin full resuscitation efforts (CPR) if necessary; call cardiopulmonary arrest response team Beware of atypical manifestation (e.g., beta-blockers may prevent tachycardic response) |
B |
| Circulatory assistance: as appropriate, administer isotonic fluid (e.g., Ringer’s lactate, normal saline), infuse rapidly, and may use pressure bag or forceful infusion Categorize reaction and patient status, Call cardiopulmonary arrest response team if necessary; CPR; continue to monitor Common denominators: assess cardiac output; capillary leak (third spacing); decreased venous return, decreased peripheral vascular resistance; pulmonary edema |
C |
| Drug therapies as appropriate Do: monitor, assess, and reassure the patient; use correct dose (concentration) and route for drugs; push intravenous fluids and oxygen Don’t delay (call for help, if you need it); don’t use incorrect dose(s) and drugs |
D |