Curriculum
Section 1 - New Mexico Legalities of Infusion Therapies
It is imperative that all nurses understand the rules and regulations set forth by the state that governs the nurse’s practice. Each state has rules and regulations that differ from one another, therefore it is necessary for each nurse to know the specific state(s) in which he or she practices; guidelines, rules and laws. The following information guides facilities, organizations, and all licensed nurses regarding the New Mexico's State Board of Nursing's guidelines pertaining to infusion therapy practices. The New Mexico State Board of Nursing, through the nurse practice act, practice mandates very specifically the requirements that must be followed to practice infusion therapy. This course will guide you through the New Mexico State Board of Nursing website to all documents that impact the provision of infusion therapies by nurses. It is always recommended that the Board’s website be checked independently as any state board can append, amend and change the rules and regulations that nurses are expected to follow.
Section 2 - Basics of Peripheral Intravenous Therapy; Current Standards of Practice
This section has been designed to provide basic conceptual and operational knowledge to healthcare clinicians who have had limited exposure to infusion therapy principals and practice. As the science of infusion therapy advances and technology expands, it is imperative that all healthcare clinicians and nurses practicing infusion therapy remain current in their knowledge of infusion therapies, principles, techniques, equipment and the latest in infusion evidence based practices.
Section 3 - Management of Central Lines; Current Standards of Practice
This section has been designed to provide basic conceptual and operational knowledge to healthcare clinicians responsible for the care of patients with central venous access devices. As the science of infusion therapy advances and technology expands, it is imperative that all healthcare clinicians and nurses practicing infusion therapy remain current in their knowledge of infusion therapies, principles, techniques, equipment and the latest in infusion evidence based practices.
Chapter 1: Nursing Regulations and State Boards of Nursing
- Boards of Nursing
- Nurse Practice Acts
- Licensure
Chapter 2: New Mexico State Board of Nursing
- Mission
- Board Meetings
- New Mexico Board of Nursing Bulletin
Chapter 3: Nurse Practice Act
Chapter 4: Scope of Practice
- Licensed Vocational Nurse Scope of Practice
- Registered Nurse Scope of Practice
- Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Scope of Practice
Chapter 5: Delegation
Chapter 6: Standards of Nursing Practice
- General Standards
- LPN Standards
- RN Standards
Chapter 7: Legal Issues
- Regulatory Agencies and Governing Bodies
- Components of a Complete Order
- Legal Terms and Applications
- Protective Measures for Guarding Against Malpractice Lawsuits
Chapter 8: Anatomy and Physiology
- The Vascular System: Veins, Arteries and Bone Marrow
- The Three Layers of the Vessels and Their Function
- Differentiating Arteries from Veins
- Veins Used in Peripheral Intravenous Therapy for Pediatrics and Adults
- Intraosseous
- Skin ‐ Anatomy and Physiology
Chapter 9: Psychological Needs of the IV Patient
- Age Specific Needs
- Elderly Patient Needs
- Cultural Aspects
- Patients with Sensory Deficits
- Methods of Reducing Patient Anxiety
- Patient Teaching/Education
Chapter 10: Fluid and Electrolyte Balance
- Water: The Primary Fluid of the Body
- Hypovolemia - Dehydration: Assessment, Causes, Treatments
- Hypervolemia - Fluid Overload: Assessment, Causes, Treatments
- Fluid Compartments
- Electrolyte Imbalances: Assessment, Causes, Treatments
Chapter 11: pH, Osmolality and Incompatibilities of Solutions and Medications
- pH of Intravenous Solutions and Medications
- Tonicity: Isotonic Solutions, Hypotonic Solutions and Hypertonic Solutions Incompatibilities
Chapter 12: Fluid Regulation
- Methods of Fluid Regulation
- Patient Considerations in Fluid Regulation
- External Factors that Affect the Rate of Flow
- Calculation of IV flow Rates
Chapter 13: Infection Prevention and Safety Compliance
- Hand Hygiene
- Sharps Management
- Medical Waste Disposal
- Durable Medical Equipment Disinfection
- Standard Precautions
- Transmission-Based Precautions
Chapter 14: Vascular Visualization
- Trans-illuminator Technology
- Near Infrared Technology
- Ultrasound
Chapter 15: Site Selection and Device Placement
- Criteria For Peripheral Devices
- 3 Types of Peripheral Access And Criteria For Placement
- Special Considerations of The Specific Age Groups
- General Considerations of Short Peripheral Access
- Veins to Avoid
Chapter 16: Vascular Access Device Management
- Needleless Connectors
- Filtration
- Add-on Devices
- VAD Stabilization
- Joint Stabilization
- Site Protection
- Flushing and Locking
- Assessment, Care, and Dressing Changes
- Administration Set Changes
Chapter 17: Complications
- Local Complications
- Hematoma
- Infiltration
- Extravasation
- Phlebitis
- Site Infection
- Catheter Occlusion
- MARSI
- Nerves—Avoiding Damage
- Compartment Syndrome
Systemic Complications
Chapter 18: Procedures Guides and Videos
- Pre-insertion Procedures
- Peripheral IV Insertion
- Primary and Secondary Administration Set-up
- IV Push Administration
- Catheter Discontinuation
Chapter 19: Assessment and Documentation
- Catheter Insertion Documentation
- Catheter Removal Documentation
- Assessment, Monitoring and Documentation by Therapy
Chapter 20: Resources
- Skill Competency Checklists
- Peripheral IV Insertion
- Medication Administration
- Large Volume Electronic Infusion Device
- IV Push
- Administration of Infusate via an Ambulatory Infusion Pump
Chapter 21: Central Line Review
- Definition of a central line:
- Reasons for use of a central line
- Advantages of a central line
- Overview of Central Venous Access Devices:
- Lumens
- Non‐valved and valved catheters
- Non‐tunneled catheters
- Tunneled catheters
- Implanted ports
- PICC or Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter
Chapter 22: Anatomy
- Veins used for placement of central venous access devices
- Catheter tip placement
Chapter 23: Assessment and Preparations for Central Venous Catheterization
- Considerations for selection of the device
- Preparations for central venous catheterization
Chapter 24: CVAD Management
- Needleless connectors
- Filtration
- Add-On devices
- CVAD stabilization
- Site protection
- Flushing and locking
- Assessment, care, and dressing changes
- Administration set changes
- Blood Sampling from a CVAD
Chapter 25: Procedure Guides and Videos
- Central venous catheter dressing change
- Needleless access device change
- Central venous catheter flushing
- Blood Sampling from a CVAD
Chapter 26: Complications
- Catheter related complications
- Systemic complications
- Insertion related complications
Chapter 27: Discontinuation of Therapy
- Removal of devices
- Central venous access device removal procedure
Chapter 28: Assessment and Documentation and Patient Education
- Documentation of insertions, removal, infiltration or extravasations
- Assessment, monitoring, documentation by type of therapy
Chapter 29: Resources
- Skill competency checklists:
- Accessing a port
- Administration of infusate via an ambulatory infusion pump
- Blood specimen collection from a CVAD
- De-accessing an implanted port
- IV Push
- Large volume electronic infusion device
- Medication administration
- Midline or central line dressing change
- Needleless connector device change